What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, yet many people have never heard of it — or don't realise they have it. Often called the "silent thief of sight", glaucoma can cause irreversible vision loss before any symptoms are noticed. That's why regular eye tests are so important.

What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain. This damage is most commonly caused by a build-up of pressure inside the eye, known as intraocular pressure. Over time, if left untreated, this can lead to permanent vision loss.

Types of Glaucoma

There are several types of glaucoma, the most common being:

• Chronic open-angle glaucoma – The most common type in the UK. It develops slowly and painlessly, with no noticeable symptoms in the early stages.
• Acute angle-closure glaucoma – A less common but more urgent form, where pressure in the eye rises rapidly. Symptoms include sudden eye pain, headache, nausea, and blurred vision. This requires immediate medical attention.
• Normal-tension glaucoma – Optic nerve damage occurs even when eye pressure is within the normal range.
• Secondary glaucoma – Caused by another eye condition, injury, or medication.

Who Is at Risk?

Anyone can develop glaucoma, but certain factors increase your risk:

• Being over the age of 60
• A family history of glaucoma
• Being of African, Caribbean, or Asian descent
• Having high eye pressure
• Diabetes or high blood pressure
• Long-term use of steroid medication

What Are the Symptoms?

In the early stages, chronic glaucoma often has no symptoms at all. As the condition progresses, you may notice:

• Gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision
• Tunnel vision in advanced stages
• Blurred vision
• Halos around lights (particularly with acute glaucoma)

How Is Glaucoma Detected?

Glaucoma can only be reliably detected through a comprehensive eye examination. During a routine eye test, your optician will check your eye pressure, examine your optic nerve, and test your visual field. Early detection is key to preventing serious vision loss.

How Is Glaucoma Treated?

While there is currently no cure for glaucoma, treatment can slow or halt its progression. Options include:

• Eye drops – The most common treatment, used to reduce eye pressure
• Laser treatment – Helps fluid drain from the eye more effectively
• Surgery – In more advanced cases, surgery may be recommended to improve drainage

Book Your Eye Test Today

Because glaucoma often has no early warning signs, regular eye tests are the best way to protect your sight. At Smart Looks Opticians, our comprehensive eye examinations include glaucoma screening as standard. Don't leave your vision to chance — book your eye test today.